VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKAM
Vision for a Peaceful and
United World
Dr. Markandey Rai
Dr. Surendra Kumar Pathak
JNANADA PRAKASHAN (P&D)
in association with
Confederation of Indian Universities
Indian Institute
of Peace and Global Security
New Delhi
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKAM
The Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
research initiative undertakes a profound exploration, delving into the essence
and philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam. The
initiative aspires to formulate a comprehensive document, vision, and mission
similar to global principles fostering a oneness mindset, shared behavioural
practices, and universal ethical, social, political, and economic principles.
This document is an indispensable roadmap equipped with tools to adeptly
navigate the multi-faceted challenges at national and international levels. At
the core of this noble endeavour lies the recognition of the urgent global
issues—climate change, poverty, inequality, conflicts, and wars. This work
underscores the imperative of collective action to respond to the challenges
mentioned above effectively. By actively promoting cross-cultural
understanding, addressing the root causes of poverty, and advocating for
environmentally conscious stewardship, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is a transcendent
framework fostering a more serene, equitable, and sustainable world.
The research study initiative
delves into multi-faceted areas of study, including philosophical, theological,
interfaith, socio-cultural, ecological, and economic dimensions. This
interdisciplinary approach seeks to unearth common ground by intricately weaving
classical wisdom with contemporary insights, thus forging a shared global
vision. This endeavour embodies a harmonious symphony resonating with the
spirit of unity, interconnectedness, and coexistence—a blueprint
for peace and harmony that echoes the timeless ethos of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
across diverse realms.
1.1
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam:
Concept and Philosophy
Oneness
stands as the essence of our existence. Co-existential evolution weaves a
vibrant tapestry of biodiversity, where diverse species assume distinct roles
in upholding the equilibrium and vitality of ecosystems (Margulis & Fester,
1991).[1] It
acknowledges that life's journey unfolds as a dynamic, interconnected process
where various species and ecosystems coalesce, influencing each other's
trajectories (Odum, 1971).[2] Each
entity exerts specific pressures and influences on the other, affecting its
evolutionary trajectory (Levin, 1998).[3] Human life
does not unfold in isolation; it evolves within an intricate network of
relationships and dependencies (Wilson, 1998). Recognising life as a
co-existential evolution underscores the interdependence of different species
and their environments (Kareiva & Marvier, 2011).[4]
Evolutionary processes encompass competition, cooperation, and symbiosis
(Nowak, 2006). This co-existential evolution manifests in the proliferation of
life forms, adaptation to changing environments, and the delicate equilibrium
of ecosystems (Loreau et al., 2001).[5]
Life adapts
in response to environmental shifts, and the coexistence of species fosters a
resilient and adaptable ecosystem (Holling, 1973). The natural world operates
as an intricate, interdependent system where many components, ranging from
material-mineral elements to human beings, depend on one another, intricately
shaping their existence and overall well-being (Odum & Barrett, 2005).[6]
Understanding this interconnectedness entails recognising the flow of materials
and energy through various levels of the biological hierarchy (Ulanowicz,
1997). Material-mineral elements serve as the foundation for cell and
microorganism creation, contributing to plant growth, animal sustenance, and
the intricate functioning of human beings (Schlesinger & Bernhardt, 2013).[7] This
interdependence weaves a life web where each component is crucial in
maintaining overall balance (Tilman et al., 1997).[8]
Material-mineral
elements, vital for life, undergo biogeochemical cycles that bridge the
geological and biological realms (Falkowski et al., 2008). Nutrient cycling
ensures the availability of elements crucial for cell growth, plant
development, and human health (Chapin et al., 2002). Microorganisms, including
bacteria and fungi, are pivotal in nutrient cycling, soil health, and overall
ecosystem well-being (van der Heijden et al., 2008). Their interactions with
plants and animals contribute to the symphony of life (van der Heijden et al.,
1998). Plants offer animals oxygen, food, and shelter, forming the ecosystems'
bedrock (Chapin et al., 2000). Animals, in return, aid in pollination, seed
dispersal, and population dynamics regulation (Kearns et al., 1998). Integral
to this interconnected system, human beings wield a profound environmental
impact (Vitousek et al., 1997). Acknowledging this interconnectedness is vital
for sustainable resource management, conservation, and maintaining a harmonious
balance between human activities and the natural world (Rockström et al.,
2009).
Mutualistic
relationships and symbiosis among diverse organisms exemplify how life evolves
through collaboration, ensuring mutual survival and growth (Bronstein, 1994). A
good grasp of the intricate web of interconnectedness nurtures a holistic
perspective, underscoring the importance of responsible environmental
stewardship and advocating the well-being of all components within the global
ecosystem (Daily, 1997). Recognising co-existential evolution is pivotal for
comprehending the nuanced dynamics of ecosystems, driving conservation efforts,
and mitigating disruptions induced by human activities (Cardinale et al.,
2012). By embracing the concept of life evolving co-existentially, we gain a
profound insight into the interconnectedness of all living beings, fostering a
collective sense of responsibility for the well-being of the global family on
Earth (Leopold, 1949).
Thus, Oneness stands as the
essence of our existence. Co-existential evolution weaves a vibrant tapestry of
biodiversity, where diverse species assume distinct roles in upholding the
equilibrium and vitality of ecosystems. It acknowledges that life's journey
unfolds as a dynamic, interconnected process where various species and
ecosystems coalesce, influencing each other's trajectories. Each entity exerts specific pressures and
influences over the other, affecting the evolutionary trajectory of each.[9] Human life does not unfold in
isolation; it evolves within an intricate network of relationships and
dependencies. They comprehend life as a co-existential evolution that
underscores the interdependence of different species and their environments.
Evolutionary processes encompass not only competition but also cooperation and
symbiosis. This co-existential evolution manifests in the proliferation of life
forms, adaptation to changing environments, and the delicate equilibrium of
ecosystems.
Life adapts in response to
environmental shifts, and the coexistence of species fosters a resilient and
adaptable ecosystem. The natural world operates
as an intricate, interdependent system where many components, ranging from
material-mineral elements to human beings, depend on one another, intricately
shaping their existence and overall well-being. Understanding
this interconnectedness entails recognising the flow of materials and
energy through various levels of the biological hierarchy. Material-mineral
elements serve as the foundation for cell and microorganism creation,
contributing to plant growth, animal sustenance, and the intricate functioning
of human beings. This interdependence weaves a life web where each component is
crucial in maintaining overall balance.[10]
Vital for life,
material-mineral elements undergo biogeochemical cycles that bridge the
geological and biological realms. Nutrient cycling ensures the availability of
elements crucial for cell growth, plant development, and human health.
Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, are pivotal in nutrient cycling,
soil health, and overall ecosystem well-being. Their interactions with plants
and animals contribute to the symphony of life.[11]
Plants offer oxygen, food, and shelter to animals, forming the bedrock of
ecosystems. Animals, in return, aid in pollination, seed dispersal, and
population dynamics regulation. Integral to this interconnected system, human
beings wield a profound environmental impact. Acknowledging this
interconnectedness is vital for sustainable resource management,
conservation, and maintaining a harmonious balance between human activities and
the natural world.
Mutualistic relationships and
symbiosis among diverse organisms exemplify how life evolves through
collaboration, ensuring mutual survival and growth. A good grasp of the
intricate web of interconnectedness nurtures a holistic perspective, underscoring
the importance of responsible environmental stewardship and advocating the
well-being of all components within the global ecosystem. Recognising
co-existential evolution is pivotal for comprehending the nuanced dynamics of
ecosystems, driving conservation efforts, and mitigating disruptions induced by
human activities. By embracing the concept of life evolving co-existentially,
we get a profound insight into the interconnectedness of all living beings, fostering a collective
sense of responsibility for the well-being of the global family on earth.[12]
1.1.1
Concept and Philosophical Logic of Interconnected World
Human life is intricately
woven into a tapestry of interconnected relationships, creating a seamless web
that extends from the individual to the global community and vice versa. This
interconnectivity is rooted in specific roles, relationships, and behaviour
among individuals, families, societies, nations, and the international
community, all bonded by shared values, traditions, and a commitment to global
well-being.
·
Individual to Family: At the
individual level, personal values and traditions form the basis for a person's
identity and actions. Families are foundational units where these values
nurture behaviours, and individuals find support, affection, care, love, and a
sense of belonging.
·
Family to Society: Families connect to
societies through social and economic orders. Economic (Production) systems
provide the means for families to fulfil their material needs. Additionally,
families play a crucial role in the societal fabric by contributing to social
cohesion, cultural continuity, and the transmission of values to future
generations. Societal and economic systems are designed to fulfil families'
material needs, ensuring access to education, healthcare, and security. An
exchange system actively operates at both individual and societal levels,
fostering economic interdependence and trade for the mutual benefit of nations.
·
Society to Nation: The rule of law,
legislation, and the ethical framework embedded in the nation's constitution
govern the relationship between societal culture and the country. National
policies actively address the collective needs of society, encompassing
education, health, and public security, thereby ensuring the well-being and
progress of its citizens. The relationship between the culture of the society
and the nation actively relies on the rule of laws, legislation, and the
ethical framework embedded in a nation's constitution. These legal and ethical
structures provide the foundation for a just and orderly society, ensuring the
protection of individual rights and promoting the common good.
·
Nation to International: Nations
interact globally based on shared principles, ethical standards, and
international laws. The global community is founded on understanding one Earth,
one environment, and a collective responsibility for maintaining global peace,
harmony, and ecological balance. Internationally, the relationship among
nations is guided by global ethics, laws, and a shared responsibility towards
preserving worldwide peace and environmental balance. Recognition of our
interconnectedness underpins a commitment to collaborative
efforts to address global challenges like climate change, pandemics, and
humanitarian crises.
·
Interconnectedness through Values and Traditions:
Individuals and families share values and traditions that contribute to
societies' cultural diversity. These shared values form the basis for social
cohesion and create a common ground for understanding and collaboration at the
national and international levels.[13]
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The
World is One Family): By embracing Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, we acknowledge the
interconnectedness of all these relationships, emphasising that we are part of
one global family. This concept underscores the importance of acknowledging our
shared responsibility for the well-being of all individuals, families,
societies, nations, and the entire international community.
·
Economic Interdependence and Globalisation: Economic
systems and globalisation contribute to the interdependence of nations, as
trade and commerce transcend borders. Economic cooperation fosters prosperity
and development, illustrating how the financial well-being of one country is
linked to that of others.
·
Educational and Cultural Exchange:
Educational and cultural exchanges between nations promote mutual understanding
and appreciation for diversity. Shared knowledge and cultural experiences
create a global community that transcends geopolitical boundaries.
·
Environmental Interconnectedness: The
health of the global environment is a shared responsibility. Actions in one
part of the world can impact ecosystems globally. Climate change,
deforestation, and pollution recognise no borders, necessitating international
cooperation for sustainable environmental practices.
·
Peace and Security: The
relationship among nations is crucial for global peace and security. Diplomacy,
conflict resolution, and international collaboration are essential for
preventing conflicts and ensuring stability. A commitment to disarmament,
peacekeeping, and conflict resolution reflects the shared responsibility for
maintaining global peace.
·
Humanitarian Cooperation:
Humanitarian crises, whether natural disasters or conflicts, underscore the
importance of international cooperation. Nations collaborate to provide aid,
support, and resources, recognising the shared responsibility to alleviate
suffering and protect human dignity.
·
Technological Advancements and Information Sharing:
Technology and information-sharing advances facilitate global
interconnectedness. Communication technologies
bridge distances, allowing instant global connections and collaborations in
research, innovation, and problem-solving.
·
Global Health: The recent global health
challenges highlight the interconnectedness of human well-being. Diseases can spread
rapidly across borders, emphasising the need for international cooperation in
healthcare, research, and the equitable distribution of medical resources.
·
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The United Nations' SDGs exemplify a shared
commitment to addressing global challenges collectively. The SDGs recognise the
interconnectedness of social, economic, and environmental
factors, emphasising the need for collaborative efforts to achieve a
sustainable future for all.[14]
·
Crisis Response and Resilience: In times
of crisis, whether natural disasters, pandemics, or economic downturns, nations
often come together to offer support and resources. This collective response
reflects a shared understanding of vulnerability and the importance of
resilience in facing global challenges. Cultural Diplomacy: Cultural diplomacy
fosters international understanding by showcasing the richness of diverse
cultures. Appreciating cultural heritage across borders builds bridges and
strengthens the bonds between nations.
·
Migration and Diaspora: Human
migration and diaspora communities further emphasise the interconnectedness of
nations. People moving across borders bring diverse perspectives, skills, and
contributions, enriching the societies they become a part of.
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
encapsulates the multi-faceted nature of our interconnected world, where
relationships are not confined to national borders but extend across various
dimensions, including economic, environmental, cultural, and humanitarian. This
holistic perspective promotes the idea that our collective well-being is deeply
intertwined, emphasising the need for cooperation, understanding, and shared
responsibility on a global scale. The intricate relationships between
individuals and the international community, guided by shared values,
traditions, ethical frameworks, and a commitment to global well-being,
exemplify the essence of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, recognising humanity as one
interconnected world family.
1.1.2
Need for Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
In the face of an
increasingly interconnected world, the call for embracing Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
becomes even more pronounced due to the following intricate dynamics:[15]
·
Global Challenges Require Global Solutions: As
challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and poverty recognise no
geopolitical boundaries, a collaborative approach becomes imperative. A unified
perspective is beneficial and necessary to effectively address shared
challenges that have profound implications for the well-being of the entire
global Family.
·
Cultural and Social Harmony: The
contemporary world is marked by cultural clashes and social divisions,
necessitating a logical progression towards fostering harmony. A unified vision
is a powerful tool to promote understanding, thereby reducing conflicts rooted
in differences of culture, religion, or societal norms.
·
Global Challenges: The magnitude of
international issues, including climate change, pandemics, and economic
disparities, demands collaborative solutions that transcend the limitations of
national boundaries. The interconnected nature of these challenges highlights
the need for a collective shift in mindset towards shared responsibility and
global cooperation.
·
Peace and Harmony: Acknowledging that conflicts
often arise from a lack of understanding and the illusion of separateness,
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam presents a philosophical pathway to lasting peace.
Promoting awareness, empathy, and unity among diverse individuals and communities,
it addresses the underlying causes of conflicts, fostering a world
characterised by enduring harmony.
1.1.3
Reasons for the Possibility of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
· Cultural
Exchange and Understanding: Encouraging open dialogue and
exchanging ideas and cultures is fundamental to the philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.
Cultural exchange fosters deeper mutual understanding, allowing people to
appreciate and embrace diverse perspectives, thus nurturing unity amid
differences (Sen, 2006). Interactions between civilisations have historically
contributed to intellectual and social progress, reinforcing that
interconnectedness enhances collective human development (Huntington, 1996).
· Transnational
Collaboration:
The philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam emphasises the need for collaborative
efforts on global issues that transcend national boundaries. Addressing complex challenges such as climate
change, pandemics, and economic crises necessitates coordinated global efforts
beyond geopolitical divisions (Sachs, 2015). International organisations like
the United Nations and the World Health Organisation exemplify how cooperative
global governance structures can address shared human concerns effectively
(Fukuyama, 2004).[16]
· Cultivating
Global Citizenship: In an era of increased communication and
travel, fostering a sense of global citizenship has become crucial. Recognising
one's role in the broader human family instils a heightened sense of
responsibility for the welfare of all, surpassing narrow nationalistic
perspectives (Nussbaum, 1997). Educational initiatives promoting global
awareness help nurture a collective sense of belonging and interconnectedness
(Appiah, 2006).[17]
· Shared
Ethical Values:
Recognising the significance of a common ethical foundation, Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam provides a rational framework for cooperation. Shared moral values
serve as a unifying force, fostering collaboration and reducing conflicts
arising from divergent ethical viewpoints (Rawls, 1971). Philosophical
traditions across cultures, from Confucianism to Ubuntu, emphasise communal
harmony, reinforcing the universal nature of ethical interdependence (Wiredu,
1996).[18] Shared moral values serve as a
unifying force, facilitating cooperation and understanding while diminishing
conflicts arising from disparate ethical perspectives.[19]
1.1.4
Problems in Achieving Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
The realisation of Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam faces several issues and challenges that need to be navigated to
foster a more interconnected and harmonious world:
·
Ego-Centric Nationalism: Nationalism driven by
ego-centric interests can hinder the acceptance of interconnectedness. Overemphasis on national
interests without considering the global impact may lead to conflict and
perpetuate inequalities.
·
Hyper-Individuality: Excessive individualism
challenges collective well-being. Striking a balance between individual rights
and shared responsibility becomes crucial to achieving global harmony.
·
Lack of Cross-Cultural Understanding:
Misunderstandings arise when individuals lack knowledge and understanding of
diverse cultures. Cross-cultural education becomes imperative to dispel
stereotypes and build a foundation of respect and acceptance.
·
Resistance to Change: People may resist shifting from
individualistic or nationalistic mindsets to a more global perspective.
Overcoming this resistance requires a comprehensive approach involving
education, awareness campaigns, and demonstrating the tangible benefits of a
unified global outlook.
·
Political and Economic Interests: National and
economic interests prioritise individual or national gains over global
well-being. Establishing policies that balance self-interest with global
responsibility requires diplomatic negotiation and ethical governance,
considering the world's interconnected nature.
·
Lack of Global Governance: The absence of effective
global governance mechanisms limits the coordination of efforts worldwide.
Developing and strengthening international institutions that can address global
challenges collectively is essential to realising Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.
·
Resource Inequity: Disparities in resource
distribution contribute to global inequalities. Achieving a more equitable
distribution of resources requires addressing economic systems and promoting
sustainable development practices globally.
·
Environmental Degradation: Unsustainable practices
contribute to environmental degradation that affects the entire planet.
Promoting global awareness and cooperation in adopting sustainable practices is
crucial to addressing environmental challenges.
·
Geopolitical Conflicts: Ongoing geopolitical
conflicts hinder collaboration and unity. Resolving existing conflicts and
fostering a culture of dialogue and cooperation among nations is essential for
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam to thrive.
·
Technological Disparities: Disparities in
technological access can create divides between nations. Bridging the
technological gap through international collaboration and knowledge-sharing is
vital for fostering global unity.
·
Educational Inequities: Disparities in education
access and quality can perpetuate inequalities. Promoting global education
initiatives and addressing barriers to access are crucial for building a more
informed and interconnected world.
·
Crisis Response Disparities: Disparities in crisis
response and humanitarian efforts can perpetuate suffering. Strengthening
international cooperation in crisis response and humanitarian aid is essential
for promoting the well-being of the global Family.[20]
1.1.5
Addressing the Challenges in Achieving Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
Addressing the challenges in
attaining Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam demands a comprehensive and sustained effort at
individual, societal, and global levels, focusing on cultivating a mindset and
behaviour of interconnectedness and shared responsibility. The proposed
approaches and their rationales underscore the significance of collective
action and cooperation:
·
Shared Responsibilities: Approach: Encourage
individuals, communities, and nations to share responsibilities for global
well-being actively. Rationale: Collective efforts to address common
challenges, such as climate change and pandemics, contribute significantly to
fostering a more harmonious and interconnected world.
·
Collective Will of Leadership: Approach: Foster a collective will among
global leaders to prioritise cooperation over competition. Rationale:
Leadership that values collaboration and unity sets a positive tone for international
relations, encouraging a more interconnected and harmonious global community.
·
Unity Between Nations: Approach: Promote diplomatic dialogue,
collaboration, and conflict resolution among nations. Rationale: Building
strong diplomatic ties fosters mutual understanding and cooperation, which is crucial
in creating a more unified and interconnected world.
·
Universalization of Education on Oneness &
Interconnectedness: Approach: Implement educational programs emphasising the
principles of oneness and interconnectedness. Rationale: Education, a
powerful influencer of worldviews, can contribute significantly to a more
cohesive global society by instilling values of unity and interconnectedness from an early age.
1.1.6
Outcomes of Adopting These Approaches
·
Cultivating a Sense of Responsibility: Encouraging
shared responsibilities fosters a sense of duty towards the well-being of the
entire global Family.
·
Leadership as Role Models: A collective will among
global leaders sets an example, influencing societies and inspiring
cooperation.
·
Enhancing International Relations: Improved
diplomatic relations contribute to an environment of trust and collaboration
and address geopolitical conflicts.
·
Fostering Global Awareness: Universalized education
on oneness and interconnectedness creates a more informed and empathetic global
citizenry.
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
necessitates a sustained and multi-faceted effort, emphasising the importance
of collective action and cooperation among individuals, communities, and
nations.[21]
These strategies align with the philosophy of interconnectedness, highlighting the
transformative potential of a united global approach to the entire Family's
well-being.
1.1.7
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam: Research Design
Chart 1.1: Research Design
1.2
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam: Philosophical Acceptance by Various Faiths and Thoughts
"Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam" is a profound concept deeply rooted in traditional
philosophies and scriptures of various Eastern, Abrahamic, and Western
traditions.[22]
Here is a brief overview of how this principle is reflected in some key texts:
Chart 1.2: Interfaith Unity Symbols [23]
1.2.1
Eastern Faiths:
Acceptance of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
·
Vedic Darshan: The Vedas, which form the
foundation of Vedic philosophy, contain hymns that express the
interconnectedness of all life. The idea of the world as a single
family is implicit in the "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," suggesting that
humanity should transcend boundaries and recognise the oneness of all.
·
Upanishads: The Upanishads, philosophical texts within Hinduism,
explore the nature of reality and the self. They touch upon the
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" concept by highlighting the
interconnectedness of all living things.
·
Isha Upanishad (Hinduism):
"The one who sees all beings in the Self, and the Self in all beings,
hates none."[24]
Isha Upanishad (Verse 6) emphasises the interconnected nature of all existence
and encourages a mindset of non-hatred.
·
Bhagavad Gita: A key text in Hinduism,
addresses the idea of duty, righteousness, and the interconnectedness of all life. The Gita encourages individuals
to act selflessly, recognising the unity that binds all living beings. This
Hindu scripture explores the stories of divine incarnations and expounds on
philosophical teachings. It emphasises the unity of all living entities and
their interconnectedness through a shared spiritual essence.
·
Hindu Puranas (Puranic Texts): The
Hindu Puranas, which include mythological stories and allegorical narratives,
often convey moral and ethical lessons. While not explicitly discussing
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," these texts frequently highlight the
interconnectedness of diverse deities and the cyclical nature of
existence.
·
Ramayana: The Ramayana, an ancient Indian epic, conveys
ethical principles and values. The characters in the epic exemplify a sense of
duty, respect, and interconnectedness, reflecting the idea of a
more significant familial bond.
·
Sant Traditions: Various traditions in India,
such as the Bhakti and Sufi movements, emphasise unity through devotion and
love for the divine. They teach that all individuals, regardless of background,
are part of a more prominent spiritual family.
·
Sikhism: Sikhism promotes equality, justice, and compassion.
The Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, encourages a sense of unity and equality
among all human beings, fostering the idea that the entire world is one family.
Guru Granth Sahib is a universal scripture that includes the teachings of
saints and thinkers from various religious backgrounds. It emphasises the
oneness of humanity and the unity of all faiths. "Recognise the Lord's
Light within all, and do not consider social class or status; there are no
classes or castes in the world hereafter."[25]
Japji Sahib, Pauri 28 emphasises the equality of all and the recognition of the
divine within every individual.[26]
·
Tirukkural (Tamil Literature): The
Tirukkural, a classical Tamil text, promotes ethical and Moral Goals. It
underscores the importance of universal love and non-violence, aligning with
the essence of "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" by emphasising the unity of
humanity.
·
Jainism: Jainism
emphasises the interconnectedness of all living beings. The "Ahimsa"
(non-violence) concept is central to Jain philosophy, reflecting the idea of
treating all beings as part of one global Family. The Jain Agamas contain
teachings on non-violence, compassion, and interconnectedness. The Anekantavada
(non-absolutism) underscores that truth is multi-faceted, encouraging
understanding and tolerance.
·
Buddhism: The
concept of interconnectedness is fundamental in Buddhism. The teachings of
Buddha stress the interdependence of all phenomena, encouraging followers to
recognise the oneness that binds all living things.
·
Tibetan Buddhism: Tibetan
Buddhism, influenced by Mahayana Buddhism, teaches compassion and the
interconnectedness of all sentient beings. The concept of
Bodhisattva, who works for the enlightenment of all beings, resonates with the
idea of a global family in spiritual terms. According to Tibetan Buddhist
teachings, there is a prophecy about the mythical kingdom of Shambhala,
embodying the principles of justice, compassion, and interconnectedness as a guide for humanity. The Bardo Thodol
teaches about the transitional state between death and rebirth. It underscores
the interconnected nature of life and death, promoting a deeper understanding
of the impermanence of existence.
·
Zen Buddhism: Zen
Buddhism, rooted in Mahayana traditions, emphasises direct experience and
awakening. The interconnectedness of all things is a central theme in Zen
philosophy, resonating with the idea that all existence is part of a singular
reality.
·
Tao Te Ching (Taoism): In
Taoism, mainly expressed in the Tao Te Ching by Laozi, the concept of oneness
and harmony with the Tao is central. The idea aligns with "Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam" as it emphasises living following the natural order and
recognising the interconnectedness of all things. "The great Way is
universal and benefits all beings, but it is only by taking a small country or
a small family that it can effectively attain." Hua Hu Ching (Verse 29)
underscores the universal nature of the Tao and its potential impact on all
beings.
·
I Ching (Yijing): The I Ching is an ancient
Chinese divination text that explores the dynamic interplay of opposites and
the cyclical nature of change. It encourages individuals to understand the
interconnectedness of the natural world and adapt to the flow of
life.
· Confucianism:
Confucianism stresses the importance of familial and social relationships.
While it may not explicitly use the concept of "Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam," Confucian teachings encourage individuals to extend their
sense of responsibility and benevolence beyond their immediate family to
society.
1.2.2
Abrahamic Faiths:
Acceptance of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
·
Islamic Hadith (Sayings of Prophet Muhammad, Peace Be
Upon Him): "The example of the believers in their
affection, mercy, and compassion for each other is that of a body. When any
limb aches, the whole body reacts with sleeplessness and fever."[27]
(Sahih al-Bukhari) conveys the idea of the Muslim community as an
interconnected entity, where the well-being of one affect all.
·
Islamic Hadith - Hadith Qudsi: "O
son of Adam, I fell ill, and you did not visit Me." The believer will ask,
'O Lord, how should I visit You when You are the Lord of the worlds?' Allah
will reply, 'Did you not know that My servant so-and-so fell ill, and you did
not visit him? Did you not know that if you had visited him, you would have
found Me with him?'" (Hadith Qudsi) underscores the interconnectedness of serving and caring for others to draw close
to God.
·
Quran (Islam):
Surah Al-Ma'idah: "And cooperate in
righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression."[28]
Encourages Muslims to work together in acts of goodness and justice, promoting
a sense of collective responsibility and interconnectedness.
Surah Al-Baqarah: "And hold firmly to the
rope of Allah all together and do not become divided."[29]
The Quran emphasises the importance of unity and adhering to Allah's teachings
together, promoting the interconnectedness of the Muslim community.
·
Islamic Sufi Traditions: Sufism
within Islam often emphasises the unity of all creation and
the idea of love for all, regardless of religious or cultural differences. Sufi
poets and mystics convey a sense of oneness and interconnectedness with the divine and fellow human beings.
·
Baha'i Faith: The Baha'i Faith promotes the
oneness of humanity and the unity of all religions. The teachings of
Baha'u'llah emphasise the need for global cooperation, justice, and the
recognition that all people are part of one human Family.
·
Christian Bible:
o
Corinthians: "For just as the body is one and has many
members, and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is
with Christ."[30]
The Corinthians illustrate the idea of the Christian community as one
interconnected body, emphasising unity in diversity.
o
Galatians: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, neither slave
nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ
Jesus."[31]
Galatians emphasises the equality and unity of all believers in Christ,
transcending societal divisions.
o
Letter to the Hebrews:
"Let mutual love continue. Do not neglect to show hospitality to
strangers, for by doing that; some have entertained angels without knowing
it."[32]
Hebrews encourages Christians to extend love and hospitality, recognising the
interconnectedness with others. Letter of James: "If a
brother or sister is naked and lacks daily food, and one of you says to them,
'Go in peace; keep warm and eat your fill,' and yet you do not supply their
bodily needs, what is the good of that?" James (2:15-16) stresses the
importance of practical actions in caring for one another, emphasising shared
responsibility. It emphasises the importance of
putting faith into action by caring for one another in practical ways.[33]
·
The Book of Mormon (Latter-day Saint Christianity):
"And he invited them all to come unto him and partake of his goodness; and
he denieth none that come unto him, black and white, bond and free, male and
female."[34] 2
Nephi 26:33 emphasises the inclusive nature of divine invitation to all,
regardless of differences.
·
The Gospel of Thomas (Christianity - Gnostic Text):
"Split a piece of wood; I am there. Lift the stone, and you will find me
there."[35]
The Gospel of Thomas reflects the Gnostic idea of the divine presence in all
things, emphasising interconnectedness.
·
Zoroastrianism: Zoroastrianism, one of the
world's oldest monotheistic religions, emphasises the concept of Asha, which
includes the principles of truth and cosmic order. While not explicitly using
the concept of "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," Zoroastrian teachings convey
a sense of interconnectedness and a harmonious celestial order.
·
Avesta (Zoroastrianism): The
Avesta includes hymns expressing reverence for the interconnectedness of all creation and the divine order of Ahura
Mazda.
·
Jewish Mishnah - Pirkei Avot: "Do
not separate yourself from the community." Pirkei Avot 2:5 emphasises the
importance of communal unity within Jewish tradition, stressing the
interconnectedness of individuals within the community.
·
Jewish Torah—Leviticus 19:18 states, "You shall
not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you shall
love your neighbour as yourself: I am the Lord." This verse emphasises the
importance of forgiveness, love, and compassion toward others. It encourages treating others with respect and dignity, as you
would want to be treated.[36]
·
Jewish Kabbalah: Kabbalistic teachings within Jewish
mysticism delve into the mystical aspects of the divine. While not explicitly
using the concept of "Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam," Kabbalistic thought emphasises the interconnectedness of all aspects of creation.
·
The Jewish Talmud states, "All Israel are
responsible for one another." This principle underscores communal
responsibility and interconnectedness within the Jewish tradition.
·
Native American Spirituality: Various Native American
tribes and nations have spiritual beliefs highlighting all living things'
interconnectedness. The "Great
Spirit" Concept often symbolises a universal force connecting all aspects
of nature and humanity.
·
African Traditional Religions: Many traditional
African belief systems emphasise connecting the spiritual and natural worlds.
Ancestors, nature, and humanity are often seen as interconnected elements,
reflecting a sense of unity and harmony.
·
Hopi Prophecy (Native American Wisdom): "We are
the ones we have been waiting for." This Hopi saying reflects humanity's
interconnected nature and how individuals collectively shape the future.
These scriptures from various
traditions offer profound insights into shared values, such as
interconnectedness, compassion, and
acknowledging a broader, universal family. They provide invaluable guidance for
individuals seeking a deeper understanding of their place in the world and
their relationships with others. The wisdom in these diverse traditions and
texts underscores the universality of the concept. This concept highlights that
the whole existence is interconnected, reinforcing the idea of a global family
that surpasses cultural, religious, and geographical boundaries. Across diverse
Eastern, Abrahamic, and Western traditions and texts, the principle of
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" or its equivalent is deeply embedded in
ethical, spiritual, and philosophical teachings. This common thread calls upon
individuals to transcend boundaries, cultivate a profound sense of
interconnectedness, and recognise the intrinsic
unity that binds humanity. In these rich traditions and scriptures,
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" is a guiding principle, encouraging
individuals to embrace a broader sense of community and to acknowledge the
inherent unity that transcends surface-level differences. This timeless wisdom
inspires individuals to foster understanding, respect, and harmony, ultimately
realising a more interconnected and unified global society.
1.2.3 Western Philosophies and Thoughts: Acceptance of Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam
· Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Kant's
categorical imperative states that we should always treat others as ends in
themselves and not simply as means to our ends. This principle can be seen as a
secular version of universal brotherhood.
· John Stuart Mill (1806-1873): Mill
argued that all people have the same fundamental rights, including life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. He also claimed that we have a moral
obligation to promote the well-being of others.
· Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778):
Rousseau believed that all people are born free and equal and are only bound by
the laws they have consented to. He also argued that we have a natural
inclination to compassion and cooperation.
· Karl Marx (1818-1883): Marx believed
that all people are equal and should be free to develop their full potential.
He also argued that we are responsible for creating a more just and equitable
society.
In addition to the
philosophers mentioned above, many contemporary thinkers have advocated for
universal brotherhood or sisterhood. These thinkers have been influenced by the
increasing interconnectedness of the world and the growing awareness of the
challenges facing humanity, such as climate change, poverty, and conflict. Some
of the most prominent contemporary thinkers who have advocated for Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam include:
·
Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church, has
spoken out on the importance of global cooperation and solidarity. He has
called for a new world order based on peace, justice, and compassion.
·
Amartya Sen (1933-present): Sen is a Nobel
Prize-winning economist who argued that development should be understood as
expanding people's freedoms. He has also argued that we have a moral obligation
to help those who are less fortunate.
·
Noam Chomsky (1928-present): Chomsky is a linguist
and political activist who has been a vocal critic of imperialism and
globalisation. He has also argued that we must develop a global perspective to
address humanity's challenges.
·
Barbara Kingsolver (1955-present): Kingsolver is an
American novelist who has written extensively about the importance of
compassion and understanding for all beings. She is also a strong advocate for
environmental protection.
·
Jane Goodall (1934-present): Goodall is a
primatologist who has spent her life studying chimpanzees. She is a strong
advocate for conservation and animal rights.
·
Dalai Lama (1935-present): The Dalai Lama is the
spiritual leader of Tibet. He has often spoken about the importance of
compassion and understanding for all beings. He has also called for a more just
and equitable world.
There are many leaders today
who support the concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, The "World Is One
Family." These leaders come from all over the world and represent various
political ideologies. Some of the most prominent political leaders who support
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam include:
·
Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948): Gandhi's philosophy of
non-violence, or ahimsa, is based on the belief that all life is sacred. He
also argued that we should treat others with compassion and respect, regardless
of race, religion, or nationality.
·
Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, has spoken of
the need to build a "global village" where everyone is treated with
respect and dignity. He has also called for a "New India" that is
more inclusive and tolerant.
·
Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan, has said that
Japan needs to "play a more active role in the world." He has also
called for a "free and open Indo-Pacific" where all countries can
cooperate and thrive.
·
Olaf Scholz, Chancellor of Germany, has said that
Germany needs to be a "leading power for multilateralism." He has
also called for a "stronger United Nations" to address global
challenges.
·
Joe Biden, President of the United States, has said
that the United States needs to "lead the world" in promoting peace,
democracy, and human rights. He has also called for a "new era of global
cooperation" to address climate change, poverty, and other challenges.
These leaders are all working
to promote a more peaceful, just, and sustainable world. They are doing this by
working together to address global challenges, promoting understanding and
tolerance between different cultures, and protecting the environment for the
benefit of all.
1.3
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in Human
Society Aligning with Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
The interconnected and
co-existential behaviour among individuals, families, societies, nations, and
the international community is rooted in acknowledging shared commonalities and
relationships. At the individual level, people recognise a sense of shared
humanity, understanding that their well-being is intricately linked with the
well-being of others. This recognition forms the basis for empathy, compassion,
and a collective responsibility to promote the welfare of all. Within families,
the principles of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam manifest in how family members rely on
each other for support, understanding, and mutual growth. The family unit
becomes a microcosm of the larger social structure, emphasising the importance
of harmonious relationships and shared values that contribute to the community
overall. As societies emerge from aggregating diverse individuals, a collective
identity is shaped by common values, cultural norms, and shared goals. The
co-existential behaviour of societies reflects an understanding that the
prosperity and progress of each member contribute to the strength and
resilience of the entire community. Nations, too, exhibit interconnected
behaviour on a global scale. Nations recognise their interdependence, forming
alliances, engaging in diplomacy, and collaborating to address common
challenges. Shared values such as peace, justice, and sustainability form the
foundation for international relations, promoting cooperation and understanding
among diverse nations. On the international stage, the co-existential behaviour
is evident in efforts to address global issues that transcend borders, such as
climate change, pandemics, and economic disparities. Nations come together,
recognising their shared responsibility to address these challenges for the
benefit of all of humanity.
1.3.1
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in Individuals, Families, Societies, Nations
and International Communities
·
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in Individuals:
Harmonious behavioural relationships manifest through acts of kindness,
understanding, and cooperation at the individual level. When individuals
recognise shared values such as compassion, justice, and equality, their
behaviour becomes aligned towards fostering positive connections, resulting in
supportive friendships, collaboration, and a sense of community.
·
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in Families: Families are a natural unit
where harmonious behavioural relationships are expected to thrive. Common
goals, such as the well-being and prosperity of family members, create a
foundation for mutual support, effective communication, and shared responsibilities.
A harmonious family dynamic is characterised by love, trust, and a collective
effort towards common objectives.
Chart
1.3: Harmonious Interconnected Behavioural Patterns
·
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in Societies:
Harmonious behavioural patterns emerge when individuals collectively uphold
shared values and goals. Social cohesion is strengthened when society members
respect diversity, promote inclusivity, and work towards common objectives like
economic prosperity, social justice, and cultural preservation.[37]
·
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in Nations: Harmonious behavioural
relationships are observed among nations when shared interests are recognised
and committed to global peace and stability. Diplomacy, cooperation in
addressing global challenges, and establishing international treaties are
examples of how nations can collaborate harmoniously for common goals, such as
security, economic development, and environmental sustainability.
·
Harmonious and Interconnected Behavioural Patterns in International Communities: On the
global stage, harmonious behavioural relationships among international
communities are evident in collective efforts to address common challenges.
Shared goals of combating climate change, promoting human rights, and
addressing global health crises unite the nations in collaborative endeavours
that transcend borders.
The interconnectedness and co-existential behaviour across different
levels of human interaction underscores the universal nature of Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam. This philosophy emphasises that, despite diverse backgrounds and
boundaries, there are fundamental commonalities among individuals, families,
societies, nations, and the international community. It advocates for a world
where collective well-being, cooperation, and unity prevail, embodying the
world as one interconnected Family. Harmonious behavioural relationships and
patterns are observable among individuals, families, societies, nations, and
international communities when there is a shared recognition of common goals
and values. This harmony emerges from the understanding that cooperation,
empathy, and mutual respect contribute to collective well-being and shared
objectives. When entities recognise their interconnectedness and work towards mutual well-being, they
contribute to a world characterised by cooperation, unity, and the pursuit of
collective goals. This harmonious approach fosters a sense of global community
and aligns with the ideals of creating a more just, equitable, and sustainable
world.
1.3.2 Key
Behavioural Goals of Human Life
The behavioural goals of human
life are diverse and often influenced by individual values, cultural norms,
personal aspirations, and societal expectations. While these goals can vary
widely from person to person, some overarching themes capture what many
individuals aspire to achieve in their behaviour and interactions.[38]
Here are some vital
behavioural goals of human life:
·
Happiness and Well-being: Many
individuals strive to lead a fulfilling life, pursuing activities and
relationships that bring joy, satisfaction, and a sense of purpose.
·
Personal Growth and Development: The
desire for continuous self-improvement and personal development is a common
goal and may involve acquiring new skills, gaining knowledge, and evolving as
individuals over time.
·
Healthy Relationships: Building
and maintaining healthy relationships with Family, friends, and communities is
a fundamental goal, including fostering communication, empathy, and mutual
support.
·
Contribution to Society: Many
people aspire to positively impact their communities and the world, which could
involve contributing to social causes, volunteering, or engaging in activities
that benefit others.
·
Ethical and Moral Conduct: Many
individuals strive to live lives aligned with ethical and Moral Goals. This
includes acting with integrity, honesty, and responsibility toward others.
·
Financial Security (Prosperity): Achieving
financial stability and security is a common behavioural goal; this may involve
responsible economic management, career advancement, and a secure future.
·
Work-Life Balance: Balancing professional and
personal life is a goal for maintaining overall well-being. Achieving
harmony between work and personal pursuits is crucial for a satisfying and
sustainable lifestyle.
·
Meaning and Purpose: Seeking
meaning and purpose is a fundamental human aspiration; this could involve
finding meaning in one's work or relationships or contributing to a more
significant cause.
·
Emotional Understanding and Intelligence: Many
individuals aim to develop emotional understanding and intelligence, and the
ability to navigate and manage emotions effectively is a goal for many
individuals; this contributes to healthier relationships and overall
well-being.
·
Cultural and Personal Identity: Many
individuals aim to understand, embrace, and express their cultural and personal
identity, which is a goal for many individuals; this involves a sense of
belonging and authenticity.
It is important to note that
these behavioural goals are not mutually exclusive, and individuals often
pursue a combination of these aspirations throughout their lives. Additionally,
individual goals may evolve based on life experiences, changing circumstances,
and personal growth.
1.4 Family Breakdown
Causes: Mental, Emotional, Psychological, Relational, Ethical, Socio-Economic,
and Global
Family
breakdown is a pervasive issue with far-reaching consequences that affect
individuals and societies worldwide. Family breakdown can occur due to a
multitude of factors, including psychological problems, addiction, financial
strain, and significant life events like death or disease.[39]
Industrialisation and migration can disrupt traditional family structures,
leaving them unbalanced and unable to perform social and economic tasks.[40]
Marriage breakdown becomes more common. The consequences of family breakdown
are most acutely felt by children, who may experience difficulties in school,
stress, depression, and fear of abandonment.[41]
They are more likely to engage in early sexual activities and face emotional
and psychological challenges.[42]
The absence of a father (and mother) figure is particularly detrimental,
leading to increased poverty, crime, and emotional problems.[43]
Societal decay, including increased crime rates and decreased social mobility,
has been correlated with family breakdown.[44]
Family disorganisation leads to maladjustment,
malfunctioning, psychological decay, and a rise in family problems. Whether the
family is taken to mean a nuclear, extended, or single-parent family, the
maladjustment of family life to prevailing conditions may result in emotional
stress, crime, juvenile delinquency, promiscuity, poverty, and (ultimately)
family breakdown. It may result from cultural invasion (primitive tribes and
developing countries) or too rapid technical and economic change without corresponding
social change. Families may break down in the form of a marriage breakdown or
as a break in the traditional structure of the family, nuclear or extended; it
may also be indicated by a break in traditional family roles, such as a
dominant father, submissive mother, and children.[45] Families also break down when impoverished parents sell
their children into slavery or in a social welfare system, when children may be
taken from impoverished parents and put into institutions. Homelessness and
natural disasters, including death, may also split up families. Family
breakdown may cause a loss of identity and severe adjustment problems for the
individual and have additional consequences for society, depending on the
nature of the community.[46]
Family
breakdown also contributes to social fragmentation and disintegration, with
repercussions that can span generations.[47]
It can also hinder educational opportunities for children, exacerbating
societal challenges. The breakdown of the family unit is not only a contributor
to societal collapse but is often considered a significant contributor.[48]
Implementing
comprehensive policies, social support systems, and community initiatives that
strengthen family relationships and support families facing breakdown
challenges is essential.[49]
Promoting marriage and helping families to stay together could mitigate the
negative consequences of family breakdown. Efforts to address family
breakdown require a multifaceted approach that encompasses support for mental
health services, financial assistance programs, relationship counselling, and
educational initiatives. Strengthening support systems for families facing
challenges and promoting healthy relationship dynamics are essential to
addressing this issue. Family breakdown is a global problem with significant
implications for individuals and society. Understanding its causes and impact
is crucial for developing effective strategies to address this complex issue.
Additionally,
addressing the root causes, such as addiction and financial problems, is
crucial. Family breakdown is a complex issue with profound implications for
individuals, especially children, and society at large. Addressing this problem
requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy reform, community
support, and a focus on strengthening the family unit. By understanding the
causes and effects of family breakdown, we can work towards creating more stable
and supportive environments for future generations.
The American Psychological Association[50] provides authoritative information on the psychological
impact of family breakdown on individuals. The World Health Organisation[51] offers valuable insights into the public health
implications of family breakdown. The National Institute of Mental Health
research[52] contributes to understanding the mental health
consequences associated with family breakdown. The Encyclopaedia of World
Problems & Human Potential[53] Actively provides a research database containing the
Union of International Associations' unique, experimental research work of
International Associations. It is presently published as a searchable online
platform featuring profiles of world problems, including family breakdown,
action strategies, and human values interconnected in novel and innovative
ways. These connections rely on various relationships such as broader and
narrower scope, aggravation, relatedness, etc.
The breakdown of families
can occur due to various reasons, such as divorce, separation, domestic
violence, substance abuse, economic hardships, and cultural shifts. These
issues can lead to emotional distress, financial instability, and social
challenges for individuals and communities. When considering the idea of a
One-World Family, it becomes evident that family breakdown on a global scale
can hinder the realisation of this concept. In the context of a One-World
Family, the prevalence of family breakdown presents significant obstacles to
achieving this vision. The idea of a ‘One-World Family’ encompasses notions of
global unity, empathy, and interconnectedness among all individuals regardless of their
geographical or cultural differences. However, family breakdown is a barrier to
realising this vision, as it creates community divisions and undermines the
stability and support systems essential for fostering a sense of global
kinship.[54]
Family breakdown is a worldwide problem that has significant implications for
the realisation of ‘One-World Family’.
Addressing
global family breakdown necessitates a nuanced approach encompassing legal,
social, economic, and psychological dimensions. Policies supporting families in
crisis, promoting mental health, and offering financial aid and educational
resources are vital for mitigating the impact. Fostering inclusive attitudes
towards diverse family structures is crucial in creating an environment
conducive to embracing the concept of a One-World Family. As family breakdown
poses complex global challenges, it is imperative to recognise these issues and
work towards solutions through strategies emphasising support, understanding,
and inclusivity. In pursuing a One-World Family, prioritising global unity and
cooperation becomes integral to creating a harmonious and resilient global
family structure.
1.5
Social, Political, Economic, Constitutional, and Global Ethical Framework
Developing a comprehensive
social, political, economic, constitutional, and global ethical framework
rooted in the principles of Oneness and Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam requires a
multidimensional approach. Socially, this framework must promote inclusivity,
equity, and cultural harmony, ensuring that all communities coexist with
dignity and mutual respect. The ethical foundation should be built on universal
human values, as emphasised in Indian philosophy, where the interconnectedness
of all beings is central (Radhakrishnan, 1956). Politically, governance models
should reflect ethical decision-making, participatory democracy, and policies
prioritising human well-being over material gains. The teachings of Mahatma
Gandhi’s Sarvodaya (welfare of all) provide a guiding vision for political
structures that uphold peace, justice, and non-violence (Parel, 2009).[55]
Economically, the ethical
framework must integrate sustainable and just economic models, ensuring that
development does not come at the cost of human exploitation or environmental
degradation. The Doughnut Economics model proposed by Raworth (2017)[56]
aligns with this vision, advocating for an economy that meets human needs while
respecting planetary boundaries. In the constitutional context, laws must
enshrine the principles of human dignity, fundamental rights, and participatory
governance. The Indian Constitution’s Directive Principles of State Policy
(Articles 38 & 39) provide a foundation for socio-economic justice and can
serve as a model for ethical constitutionalism worldwide (Granville, 2002).[57]
Moreover, global ethical frameworks, such as the United Nations’ Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), emphasise collective responsibility in addressing
global challenges, reinforcing the need for ethical governance at an
international level (UN, 2015).[58]
At the global level, a
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam-inspired framework must foster peace, cooperation, and
ecological stewardship, recognising that national interests cannot override the
shared responsibility of protecting humanity and the planet. The principles of
Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence), historically upheld in
international diplomacy, offer a blueprint for ethical international relations
(Chaudhuri, 2014).[59]
The world can move toward a truly inclusive and sustainable future by
integrating ethical considerations into global policies—such as trade, climate
agreements, and human rights treaties. This vision requires a shift from
competition to collaboration, from individualism to collective well-being,
ensuring that ethical governance is not just an ideal but a practical reality
for humanity.
Here is a brief outline for
each domain:
(i) Social Ethical Framework:
|
Social
Ethical Framework |
Inclusivity and Diversity:
Principle: Acknowledge and
celebrate the diversity of individuals and communities.
Implementation: Promote
inclusive policies, educational curricula, and public awareness campaigns that
foster understanding and appreciation for diverse cultures, religions, and
perspectives.
Objective: Foster a society
where every individual feels valued and included. Goals: Promote diverse
representation in all aspects of society, eliminate discrimination, and
cultivate a culture of respect for varying perspectives and backgrounds.
Social Justice:
Principle: Ensure fairness, equity, and justice for all
members of society.
Implementation: Advocate for
and enforce policies that address socio-economic disparities, discrimination,
and inequalities in access to education, healthcare, and opportunities.
Objective: Achieve a society
that upholds fairness and equal opportunities. Goals: Address systemic
inequalities, eliminate discrimination, and ensure all individuals have access
to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.
Empathy and Compassion:
Principle: Cultivate a
society where empathy and compassion are valued.
Implementation: Encourage
initiatives that promote empathy, mental health awareness, and community
support networks to address individuals' well-being.
Objective: Cultivate a
society where empathy is central to human interactions. Goals: Promote mental
health awareness, community support networks, and educational programs that
enhance emotional intelligence.
Education for Empowerment:
Principle: Empower
individuals through education.
Implementation: Prioritise
accessible and quality education that promotes critical thinking, inclusivity,
and a deep understanding of global interconnectedness.
Objective: Empower Through
Education Goal: Provide educational opportunities that empower individuals by
fostering critical thinking, creativity, and a sense of agency. The goal is to
equip learners with the knowledge, skills, and confidence needed to contribute
actively to societal progress, address challenges, and make informed choices in
their personal and professional lives.
Community Engagement and
Volunteering:
Principle: Foster a sense of
community and collective responsibility.
Implementation: Encourage
community engagement and volunteering as integral components of civic duty,
promoting a culture of mutual support and shared responsibility. Objective:
Foster a sense of belonging and unity within diverse societies. Goals: Encourage
initiatives that bridge social divides, promote dialogue, and celebrate
commonalities across different social groups.[60]
(ii) Political Ethical Framework:
International Cooperation:
Principle: Promote
collaborative diplomacy and international cooperation.
Implementation: Support and
adhere to international agreements, treaties, and organisations that address
global challenges such as climate change, human rights, and public health.
Objective: Create a world
where nations collaborate for mutual benefit. Goals: Support and adhere to
international agreements, engage in diplomatic initiatives, and contribute to
global problem-solving efforts.
Human Rights:
Principle: Uphold the
dignity and rights of every individual.
Implementation: Enact and
enforce laws that protect human rights and actively participate in
international efforts to combat human rights violations.
|
Political Ethical Framework |
Objective: Uphold the
dignity and rights of every individual globally. Goals: Actively participate in
international human rights initiatives, protect vulnerable populations, and
advocate for justice on the global stage.
Democratic Values:
Principle: Foster democratic
governance and participation.
Implementation: Ensure
transparent, accountable, and participatory governance structures, promoting
civic engagement and democratic values at all levels.
Objective: Ensure
transparent, accountable, and participatory governance. Goals: Strengthen
democratic institutions, promote civic education, and empower citizens to
engage in the democratic process.
Transparency and
Accountability:
Principle: Ensure
transparency and accountability in governance.
Implementation: Establish
transparency, Openness, accountability, and public oversight mechanisms to
combat corruption and promote trust in political institutions.
Objective: Enhance
Governance Transparency. Goal: Strengthen transparency and accountability in
governance by implementing measures that ensure open access to information,
transparent decision-making processes, and accountability mechanisms.
Conflict Resolution and
Diplomacy:
Principle: Prioritise
peaceful means for conflict resolution.
Implementation: Invest in
diplomatic training, conflict resolution mechanisms, and peacekeeping efforts
to address disputes without violence.
Objective: Facilitate
Peaceful Conflict Resolution. Goal: Engage in diplomatic efforts to resolve
conflicts peacefully, emphasising dialogue, mediation, and international
cooperation.[61]
(iii) Economic Ethical Framework:
Sustainable Development:
Principle: Pursue economic
growth in harmony with environmental sustainability.
Implementation: Develop and
adhere to policies prioritising sustainable practices, renewable energy, and
responsible resource management.
Objective: Achieve economic
growth in harmony with environmental sustainability. Goals: Implement policies
prioritising renewable energy, sustainable practices, and responsible resource
management.
Social Responsibility:
Principle: Encourage
businesses to consider their impact on society.
Implementation: Advocate for
corporate social responsibility, ethical business practices, and fair labour
conditions to balance profit and societal well-being.
Objective: Encourage
businesses to consider their impact on society. Goals: Promote corporate social
responsibility, ethical business practices, and fair labour conditions to
balance profit and societal well-being.
|
Economic Ethical Framework |
Economic Policies:
Principle: Address economic
disparities and promote inclusive prosperity.
Implementation: Implement
policies that reduce income inequality, provide equal economic opportunities,
and prioritise the well-being of marginalised communities.
Objective: Address economic
disparities and promote inclusive prosperity. Goals: Implement policies that
reduce income inequality, provide equal economic opportunities, and prioritise
the well-being of marginalised communities.
Ethical Consumption:
Principle: Encourage ethical
consumer behaviour.
Implementation: Promote
awareness of ethical consumption, sustainable products, and fair-trade
practices to empower consumers to make responsible choices.
Objective: Promote Consumer
Awareness. Goal: Increase consumers' awareness of their purchasing decisions.
The environmental and social impact
Social Safety Nets:
Principle: Establish safety
nets for vulnerable populations.
Implementation: Develop and
maintain robust social welfare programs to support those facing economic
hardships and ensure a safety net for all citizens.
Objective: Ensure Economic
Security for Vulnerable Populations. Goal: Establish and strengthen social
safety nets to provide a financial cushion for vulnerable populations and
ensure they can access essential resources during economic hardship.
(iv) Constitutional Ethical Framework:
|
Constitutional Ethical Framework |
Human Dignity and Equality:
Principle: Establish all
individuals’ inherent dignity and equality.
Implementation: Embed these
principles in constitutional documents and legal frameworks, ensuring equal
protection and opportunities for all citizens.
Objective: Establish the
inherent dignity and equality of all individuals. Goal: Enshrine and protect
individual freedoms, ensure equal protection under the law and eliminate
discriminatory practices.
Protection of Fundamental
Rights:
Principle: Safeguarding
fundamental rights and freedoms.
Implementation: The
Constitution should enshrine and protect individual liberties, including
freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.
Objective: Safeguard
fundamental rights and freedoms. Goals: Create and uphold constitutional
provisions that protect civil liberties, freedom of expression, and the right
to a fair and just legal system.[62]
Citizen Participation:
Principle: Promote active
citizen participation in governance.
Implementation: Establish
mechanisms for citizens to participate in decision-making processes, ensuring
their voices are heard in shaping policies that impact their lives.
Objective: Promote Inclusive
Decision-Making. Goal: Create mechanisms and platforms that encourage diverse
citizen participation in decision-making processes, ensuring that policies and
initiatives reflect the needs and perspectives of the entire community.
Protection of Cultural
Heritage:
Principle: Safeguard and
celebrate cultural diversity.
Implementation: Embed
protections for cultural heritage and diversity in constitutional frameworks,
promoting the preservation of unique identities.
Objective: Safeguard
Intangible Cultural Heritage. Goal: Develop and implement strategies to protect
and preserve intangible cultural heritage, such as traditional knowledge,
rituals, and languages. The goal is to ensure the transmission of cultural practices
from one generation to the next, fostering a sense of identity and continuity
within communities.
(v) Global Ethical Framework:
Global Citizenship:
Principle: Encourage a sense
of global citizenship.
Implementation: Promote
education that fosters global awareness, ethical responsibility, and a
commitment to addressing global challenges.
Objective: Instill a sense
of global responsibility in individuals. Goals: Promote education that fosters
global awareness, ethical responsibility, and a commitment to addressing global
challenges.[63]
International Aid and
Cooperation:
Principle: Support
international aid efforts and cooperation.
Implementation: Contribute
to international development initiatives, disaster relief efforts, and
collaborative projects that address global issues.
Objective: Support
international efforts to address global challenges. Goals: Contribute to
international development initiatives, disaster relief efforts, and
collaborative projects that address global issues.
|
Global Ethical Framework |
Peaceful Conflict
Resolution:
Principle: Advocate for
peaceful conflict resolution.
Implementation: Prioritise
diplomacy, dialogue, and international cooperation over military interventions
to resolve conflicts.
Objective: Prioritise
peaceful means for conflict resolution. Goals: Invest in diplomatic training,
conflict resolution mechanisms, and peacekeeping efforts to address disputes
without violence.
Climate Justice:
Principle: Advocate for
climate justice on a global scale.
Implementation: Support
international efforts that address climate change with a focus on equity,
acknowledging historical responsibility and the disproportionate impact on
vulnerable communities.
Objective: Advocate for
climate justice on a global scale. Goals: Support international efforts that
address climate change with a focus on equity, acknowledging historical
responsibility and the disproportionate impact on vulnerable communities.
Global Healthcare
Cooperation:
Principle: Collaborate on
global health challenges.
Implementation: Foster
international partnerships to address health crises and ensure worldwide access
to healthcare, vaccinations, and disease prevention.
Objective: Collaborate on
global health challenges. Goals: Foster international partnerships to address
health crises and ensure global access to healthcare, vaccinations, and disease
prevention.
Technology Ethics:
Principle: Promote ethical
use of technology globally.
Implementation: Develop and
adhere to international standards that govern the ethical use of technology,
protecting privacy, and ensuring equitable access.
Objective: Promote ethical
use of technology on a global scale. Goals: Develop and adhere to international
standards that govern the ethical use of technology, protecting privacy, and
ensuring equitable access.
Developing and implementing
such a comprehensive ethical framework requires collaboration among
governments, civil society, businesses, and individuals. The goal is to create
a world that embraces the principles of Oneness, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, and the
concept of a One-World Family, fostering a global community that works together
for the well-being of all. Implementing and refining these ethical frameworks
requires ongoing dialogue, cooperation, and a commitment from individuals,
communities, and nations to prioritise the well-being of the global community.
The aim is to create a world where the principles of Oneness, Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam, and the idea of a One-World Family are not just ideals but guide
the ethical foundations of human behaviour at every level of society. The
objectives and goals of ethical frameworks aligned with the principles of
Oneness, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, and the concept of a One-World Family are
multifaceted, encompassing social, political, economic, constitutional, and
global dimensions. Achieving these objectives and goals requires a concerted
effort from individuals, communities, governments, and international
organisations. The overarching aim is to create a world where ethical
considerations guide decision-making at all levels, fostering a sense of
interconnectedness,
unity, and responsibility for the well-being of all individuals and the planet.
1.6
National and Global Sustainable Economic/Ecological Systems for Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam
Current economic systems
prioritise GDP growth, inevitably leading to increased resource use and
environmental degradation. This growth-centric approach often neglects
ecological concerns, impacting the economy. Reliance on GDP as a primary
measure of progress fails to capture the complexity of economic activities and
overlooks vital aspects of planetary and human well-being.[64]
Possibilities of Solutions
To address these issues,
embrace a beyond-growth approach that respects environmental boundaries and
promotes human well-being within those limits; this includes developing a
universal and comprehensive measurement of progress to complement GDP, as proposed
in the UN Secretary-General’s 2023 policy brief. Examples of alternative
measures include Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness, which has led to improved
environmental and social indicators.[65]
Best Economic and Ecological
Practices
Incorporating traditional
agricultural practices and indigenous wisdom into modern agriculture can
provide valuable insights and solutions for environmental challenges. These
practices are often more adapted to local climates and involve natural pest control
methods, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Sustainable business
practices, such as sustainable supply chain management, utilising renewable
energy, and promoting a circular economy, are essential for reducing
environmental impact while enhancing competitiveness.[66]
The way forward involves a radical redefinition of
societal values aligned with a holistic and intergenerational view of human
well-being; this includes integrating forward-looking policies like Japan’s
Future Design movement and institutionalising roles like Future Generations
Commissioners to promote sustainable practices.[67]
International collaboration is crucial, as it acknowledges the
interconnectedness of our collective welfare.[68]
Additionally, investments, innovation, policy, and finance are central to
defining a sustainable economic growth model.[69]
Economic sustainability requires investments that
drive clean, green, job-rich growth.[70]
Growth should support inclusion by creating meaningful jobs, lifting incomes,
and encouraging investment, enabling sustainability. However, growth poses
challenges like rising inequality and more significant resource consumption.[71]
Social sustainability ensures equal opportunity and broad-based progress,
narrowing inequalities among various demographics. It also includes
strengthening the social contract to meet the basic needs of median households.
Culture is a driver of social values and contributes to global economic
sustainability. Because of the heritage it represents, culture is as important
as the environment to humankind. Integrating the cultural role is essential for
any sustainable development practice.[72]
Environmental sustainability
aims for resilience, reducing climate risk, and preserving natural capital. It
drives new business opportunities in clean technologies and reinforces
inclusion and growth. For a sustainable national and global economic and ecological
system, moving beyond GDP growth and adopting a value-based economic system
that prioritises environmental and social goals is crucial. This involves
embracing traditional knowledge, investing in sustainable business practices,
and fostering international collaboration. By integrating economic, social,
environmental, and cultural pillars, we can work towards the principle of
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, recognising our global oneness and shared future.
Finally, the Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam research initiative embarks upon a profound odyssey, delving into
the very essence and sublime philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam—an
ancestral pillar of Hindu wisdom. Aligned with kindred global principles that
nurture a collective consciousness, shared behavioural ethos, and universal
ethical, social, political, and economic ideals, this noble endeavour aspires
to forge a comprehensive document, a visionary masterpiece, and a guiding
mission. This compendium becomes an indispensable cartographic artefact,
replete with tools to navigate the intricate labyrinth of national and
international.
At the heart of this
transcendental quest lies the acknowledgement of pressing global predicaments:
climate change, the sad grip of poverty, the cruel tapestry of inequality, the
relentless echoes of conflicts, and the haunting spectre of wars. The study
magnifies the imperativeness of collective endeavour as an eloquent response to
these difficulties. Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam unfurls as a transcendent framework
fostering a more serene, equitable, and sustainable global tapestry through
actively promoting cross-cultural understanding, addressing the roots of
impoverishment, and advocating for ecologically conscious stewardship.
This interdisciplinary
expedition seeks to unearth common ground by venturing into the intricate
tapestry of philosophical, theological, interfaith, socio-cultural, ecological,
and economic dimensions. It intricately weaves classical sagacity with contemporary
insights—an orchestration resonating with the symphony of unity,
interconnectedness,
and coexistence. It becomes a melodic overture echoing the timeless ethos of
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam across diverse realms. Applying this profound concept to
national and global economic and ecological systems is a nuanced endeavour,
encompassing the address of fundamental needs, orchestrating essential
policies, and acknowledging a shared purpose for humanity. This holistic
approach underscores cooperation over competition, birthing collaborative
solutions to the intricate tapestry of global challenges. It mirrors a shared
commitment to our interconnected global destiny—an ode to unity amidst
diversity.
Formulating and implementing
such a comprehensive ethical framework necessitates harmonious collaboration
among governments, civil society, businesses, and individuals. The aspiration
is to forge a world that embraces the principles of Oneness, Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam, and the sanctity of a One-World Family—a global congregation
diligently working together for the well-being of all. Implementing and
refining these ethical frameworks requires ongoing dialogue, cooperation, and
an unwavering commitment from individuals, communities, and nations to
prioritise the well-being of the global community. The overarching aim is to
shape a world where the principles of Oneness, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, and the
vision of a One-World Family are not mere ethereal ideals but guiding
luminaries for ethical conduct at every echelon of society. The objectives and
goals of ethical frameworks, aligned with the principles of Oneness, Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam, and the sanctity of a One-World Family, are multifaceted. They
encompass social, political, economic, constitutional, and global realms.
Achieving these objectives and goals mandates a collective endeavour—from
individuals to communities, governments to international organisations. The
overarching vision is to shape a world where ethical considerations are the
compass directing decision-making at every level, fostering a profound sense of
interconnectedness,
unity, and an ardent responsibility for the well-being of all individuals and
the cherished planet we inhabit.
1.7
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam as Reflected in Deliberations of the United Nations and Other
International Organisations
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,
Oneness, and One-World Family as reflected in References and Quotes:
The principles of Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam, oneness, interconnectedness,
and a global family are subtly ingrained in the missions, charters,
declarations, and agreements of the United Nations and Other International Organisations. The
ethos of unity and shared responsibility for global ecological concerns
permeates through protocols and statements. This paradigm has evolved
historically, becoming an integral part of international cooperation.
Simultaneously, consensus-building among nations and global entities reinforces
a commitment to a collective destiny.
The proper acknowledgement
of a united world family underlines a shared dedication to fostering harmony,
understanding, and sustainable development beyond borders, thereby shaping a
collaborative approach to address global challenges and secure the future of
global human life, sustainability, and ecological balance for the well-being of
Mother Earth. Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, Oneness, and One-World Family resonate
across various references and quotes from global executives, leaders, and
international organisational missions and agendas. Here are some relevant
references and quotes that reflect these ideals:
UN
Charter Preamble: "We, the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save
succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has
brought untold sorrow to mankind..."
UN
Secretary-General António Guterres: "We are one human family, with one common home
and destiny." He
emphasised the urgency of the present moment, declaring, "We face a moment of truth. Now is the
time to deliver, restore trust, and inspire hope. Moreover, I hope that
humanity has shown that we can do great things when working together. That is
the raison d’être (reason for being) of our United Nations."[73]
UNESCO
Constitution: "Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in
the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed."
Audrey
Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO: "UNESCO is about the building of peace in the
minds of men and women."
UNICEF
Mission: "UNICEF works in over 190 countries and
territories to save children's lives, to defend their rights, and to help them
fulfil their potential, from early childhood through adolescence."
Henrietta Fore,
UNICEF
Executive Director: "Every child has the right to survive, thrive,
and fulfil their potential – to benefit a better world."
UNICEF
Mission: "We work in the world’s toughest places to
reach the most disadvantaged children and adolescents – and to protect the
rights of every child, everywhere."
Henrietta
Fore, UNICEF Executive Director: "Children embody a country's future, and their
well-being is the foundation for a sustainable and peaceful world."
Human
Development Report: "People are the real wealth of a nation. The
basic objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people
to enjoy long, healthy, and creative lives."
Achim
Steiner, UNDP Administrator: "Human development is much more than the rise
or fall of national incomes. It is about creating an environment where people
can develop their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according
to their needs and interests."[74]
UNEP
Mission: "To provide leadership and encourage
partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling
nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that
of future generations."
UNEP
Constitution: "We, the world's peoples, are mindful of the
need to settle all international economic and social questions based on justice
and equity, to solve international problems of an economic, social, cultural,
or humanitarian character."
Inger
Andersen, UNEP Executive Director: "We are at a crossroads. Do we continue on our
current path, leading to a bleak future for humankind, or do we pivot to a more
sustainable, equitable, and just course?" "Our goal is to build a
resilient and inclusive post-pandemic world. One where we invest in the
planet's and its people's health."
"Recognising that
climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to
human societies and the planet."
United
Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples: "Recognising the urgent need to respect and
promote the inherent rights of indigenous peoples." "Convinced that
the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered
as a whole."[75]
WFP
Mission: "WFP is the United Nations food assistance branch. It is the food aid arm
of the UN system, striving to eradicate hunger and malnutrition to eliminate
the need for food aid itself."
ITU
Mission: "ITU is the United Nations specialised agency for information and
communication technologies. We aim to harness the power of ICTs to accelerate
progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals."
G20
Leaders' Declaration: "We are united in our conviction that
coordinated global action, solidarity, and multilateral cooperation are more
necessary today than ever to overcome the current challenges and realise
opportunities of the 21st century for all humanity."
"We must be the voice of
the people, to speak out on their behalf and help to find solutions to their
challenges. That is why the World Economic Forum was founded—to be the
international organisation for public-private cooperation." "We are
determined to foster a more inclusive and sustainable economic growth that
benefits everyone."
BRICS
Joint Statements: "We reiterate our commitment to contributing to
the welfare of the world's people and promoting sustainable development."
"Our goal is to reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing
countries."
WHO
Constitution: "The enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being
without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social
condition."
Dr Tedros
Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General: "Health is a human
right. No one should get sick and die just because they are poor or because
they cannot access the health services they need."
IMF
Mission: "Our mission is to ensure the stability of the
international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international
payments that enables countries to transact with each other."
Kristalina
Georgieva, IMF Managing Director: "A multilateral approach is essential for
addressing global challenges. No country is an island."
WTO
Mission: "The World Trade Organisation (WTO) deals with
the global trade rules between nations. Its main function is to ensure that
trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible." "The
WTO provides a forum for negotiating agreements aimed at reducing obstacles to
international trade and ensuring a level playing field for all."
Ngozi
Okonjo-Iweala, WTO Director-General: "Trade is a force for good. It is a source of
growth, it is a source of development, and it is a source of poverty
reduction."
ILO
Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization:
"Social justice is a prerequisite for lasting peace and the well-being of
people. It promotes the opportunity for everyone to be treated fairly and to
contribute to economic and social development."
Guy
Ryder, ILO Director-General: "Decent work is at the heart of the search for
dignity, equity, social justice, and the role of work in a fair
globalisation." "Social justice is more than an ethical imperative;
it is a foundation for lasting peace and prosperity."
IOM
Constitution: "The Organisation aims at promoting orderly
migration for the benefit of all. It provides services and advice concerning
migration to governments and migrants."
António
Vitorino, IOM Director-General: "We need to recognise and celebrate the
extraordinary benefits of migration to societies everywhere."
WHO
Constitution: "The extension to all peoples of the benefits
of medical, psychological, and related knowledge is essential to the fullest
attainment of health." Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus,
WHO
Director-General: "Health is a human right. Every person deserves
to enjoy the highest possible level of health, regardless of who they are,
where they live, or how much they can afford." "I envision a world in
which everyone can live healthy, productive lives, regardless of who they are
or where they live. I believe the global commitment to sustainable development
– enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals – offers a unique opportunity to address the
social, economic, and political determinants of health and improve the health
and well-being of people everywhere. Achieving this vision will require a
strong, effective WHO that can meet emerging challenges and achieve the health
objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. We need a WHO – fit for the
21st century – that belongs to all equally. We need an efficiently managed,
adequately resourced, and results-driven WHO, with a strong focus on
transparency, accountability, and value for money."[76]
David
Beasley, WFP Executive Director: "Hunger is an outrage in a world of plenty, a
violation of human dignity. In a world of great wealth, how can it be that more
than 800 million people still go to bed hungry?"
IAEA
Mission: "The IAEA works to promote the peaceful use of
nuclear energy, prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and foster the peaceful
use of nuclear technologies for sustainable development." This is the
promise of nuclear science and technology. The IAEA works to make this promise
a reality."[77]
Rafael
Grossi, IAEA Director-General: "Nuclear science and technology can be a
powerful force for good in the modern world, helping to achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals and solve the pressing challenges facing
humanity." "The IAEA's mission is to accelerate and enlarge the
contributions of atomic energy to peace, health, and prosperity
worldwide."
Houlin
Zhao, ITU Secretary-General: "In today’s interconnected world, information
and communication technologies are powerful tools to help us build a more
inclusive and sustainable future for all.
IMF
Mission: "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an
organisation of 190 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation,
secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high
employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty."[78]
Kristalina
Georgieva, IMF Managing Director: "This is a moment for unprecedented
international cooperation. If countries cooperate, we can shorten the time to
resolve the crisis and avoid the worst outcomes."[79]
Ngozi
Okonjo-Iweala, WTO Director-General: "Trade is a force for good. It can lift entire
communities from poverty and foster peace among nations."
IOM
Constitution: "The International Organisation for Migration
is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits
migrants and society.
"António
Vitorino, IOM Director-General: "Migration is a powerful driver of economic
growth, dynamism, and understanding. It allows millions of people to seek new
opportunities, benefiting communities of origin and destination alike."
1.8
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam as Reflected in Global Declarations, Charters, Protocols,
Agreements, and Manifestos
The concept of Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam, oneness, and the idea of a One-World Family may not be explicitly
mentioned in global declarations, Charters, Protocols, Agreements, and
Manifestos. However, unity, cooperation, and interconnectedness are often inherent in the goals and values
expressed in various global platforms. The
ideals of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family) and the concept of
Oneness are reflected in international declarations, charters, protocols,
agreements, and manifestos. Here are some relevant references that embody these
ideals:
Magna
Carta (Great Charter): (First Issued in 1215) Key Principles: The
rule of law and limitations on the monarchy's power.[80]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR-1948)- Key Principles:
Equality, dignity, and rights for all individuals.[81]
Stockholm
Declaration on the Human Environment (1972): "Man has the fundamental
right to freedom, equality, and adequate conditions of life, in an environment
of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being."[82]
Our Common Future: Also known as the Brundtland
Report (1987), strengthens
international cooperation on environment and development to assess and propose
new forms of collaboration that can break out of existing patterns and
influence policies and events in the direction of needed change and "The Commission focused its attention in the areas of
population, food security, the loss of species and genetic resources,
energy, industry, and human settlements- realising that all of these are
connected and cannot be treated in isolation one from another"[83]
Talloires
Declaration: (Launched in 1990) Key Principles: Commitment
to sustainability in higher education. They incorporate environmental and
ethical principles into teaching, research, and service.[84]
Earth
Summit (1992). The Rio Summit’s primary focus was reducing
temperatures, although this has become increasingly difficult. According to the
1992 Rio Summit consensus, sustainable development can be accomplished no
matter where somebody is. Economic, social, and environmental factors must all
be balanced to create a sustainable ecosystem.[85]
Convention
on Biological Diversity (CBD - 1992): "Determined to conserve and sustainably use
biodiversity for the well-being of present and future generations."
Vienna
Declaration and Programme of Action (1993): "Human rights and
fundamental freedoms are the birthright of all human beings."[86]
The
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: Adopted in 1995
(Fourth World Conference on Women) Key Principles: Advancement and empowerment
of women. Gender equality and the elimination of discrimination. "All
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights." "Everyone
is entitled to all the rights and freedoms outlined in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind."[87]
Kyoto
Protocol: Adopted in 1997, Key Principles: Binding commitments for
developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. International
cooperation to address climate change.[88]
Earth
Charter: Launched in 2000, Key Principles: Respect and care for the
community of life. Ecological integrity, social and economic justice,
democracy, nonviolence, and peace.[89]
Universal
Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001): "Cultural diversity is
as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature."[90]
World
Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Declaration-2002): "We
commit ourselves to building a humane, equitable, and caring global
society."[91]
The
Monterrey Consensus (2002) states, "Global challenges must be managed in a
way that distributes the costs and burdens fairly, based on basic
principles of equity and social justice."[92]
The Hague
Declaration on AID Effectiveness (2005): "We commit to
strengthening our efforts to make aid more effective and to achieve better
development outcomes." The lessons of the Paris Declaration and its
principles can help encourage better ways of working together – to the benefit
of all [93]
Protection
of individual liberties (2005): Key Principles: Respect for human
dignity and rights; protection of the environment, the biosphere, and
biodiversity.
Talloires
Declaration (2005). "We recognise the importance of these principles
in our daily lives and our institutions, locally and globally." "To
no one will we sell; to no one will we deny or delay right or justice."[94]
Universal
Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005):
"All human beings, without distinction, have the right to participate in
the country's cultural, social, economic, and political life."
"Solidarity and cooperation among States, and the international
community's participation in promoting, and respecting, human rights in
bioethics."[95]
Geneva
Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006):
"Armed violence prevention is essential to human security." Support
initiatives to measure the human, social, and economic costs of armed violence;
Undertake assessments to understand and respond to risks and vulnerabilities;
Evaluate the effectiveness of armed violence prevention and reduction programs
worldwide; and disseminate lessons and best practices. [96]
Istanbul
Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries (2011-20): "A
fundamental objective of the international community is to eradicate poverty
and hunger."
The
Future We Want (Rio+20 Declaration (2012): Key Principles- Sustainable
development and poverty eradication. Strengthening the role of international
cooperation in the pursuit of sustainable development. "We recognise that
eradicating poverty is the greatest global challenge facing the world today and
an indispensable requirement for sustainable development." "We
reaffirm our commitment to the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
principles."[97]
Global
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Movement (2014): "We
are committed to building a more just, peaceful, tolerant, inclusive, secure,
and sustainable world."[98]
Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-30): "Recognising
the interconnectedness of risk reduction throughout the 2030 Agenda.[99]
"Disaster risk reduction is fundamental to achieving sustainable
development."[100]
Oslo
Declaration on Education for Development (2015): "Education
is a fundamental human right and is essential for exercising all other human
rights." “The benefits of education for the individual, society, and
economy are well documented but not reflected in investment—the proposed SDG 4
calls for inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning
opportunities for all.[101]
Paris
Agreement (2015). Key Principles: Global efforts to combat climate
change. Limiting global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius. Adopted:
2015, Key Principles: End poverty, protect the planet, and ensure
prosperity for all. Seventeen goals covering various aspects of social,
economic, and environmental development. "Acknowledging that climate
change is a common concern of humankind." "Recognising the need for
an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change
based on the best available scientific knowledge."[102]
Paris Agreement (2016) emphasises the intrinsic relationship between climate
change actions, responses, impacts, and equitable access to sustainable
development.[103]
Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs-2015):
The
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indeed build on the foundation of several
decades of international efforts led by countries and the United Nations (UN). The precursor to the SDGs was the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), established in the year 2000 and aimed at
addressing various global challenges, such as poverty, hunger, and disease, by
the target date of 2015. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs (UN DESA) has been crucial in facilitating and coordinating these
global development initiatives. UN DESA is the focal point within the UN
Secretariat for addressing economic and social issues, providing analysis and
policy guidance, and promoting international cooperation for sustainable
development. The transition from the MDGs to the SDGs occurred in 2015 with the
adoption the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by all 193 UN Member
States.
The 2030 Agenda encompasses
17 SDGs, an interconnected set of goals addressing various social, economic,
and environmental challenges. These goals provide a comprehensive framework for
global cooperation to achieve a more sustainable and equitable world by 2030.
The SDGs reflect a more inclusive and integrated approach, recognising the
interconnectedness of various development aspects, such as
poverty eradication, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and
environmental sustainability.[104]
The SDGs are built on the lessons learned from the MDGs and aim to involve all
stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, civil society, and
individuals, in working towards a shared vision of a better future for people
and the planet.[105]
"We are resolved to free the human race from the tyranny of poverty
and want and to heal and secure our planet." This
Agenda is a plan of action for people, the planet, and prosperity. It also
seeks to strengthen universal peace and greater freedom; we recognise that
eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty,
is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for
sustainable development.[106]
New York
Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (2016): "We
reaffirm the importance of addressing the root causes of large movements of
refugees and migrants."[107]
Istanbul
Declaration on Habitat III (2016): "We commit to working together to support the
implementation of the New Urban Agenda for the well-being of all and sustainable,
inclusive, and equitable urban development."[108]
Earth
Charter (2018). The Earth Charter is
an ethical framework for building a just, sustainable, peaceful global society
in the 21st century. It seeks to inspire a new sense of global interdependence
and shared responsibility for the well-being of the whole human family, the
greater community of life, and future generations. It is a vision of hope and a
call to action. The Charter is the product of a decade-long, cross-cultural,
global civic society dialogue on common goals and shared values. "Affirm
that increased responsibility to promote the common good comes with increased
freedom, knowledge, and power."[109]
Global
Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (2018): "We
are determined to make an important contribution to global governance and
enhance coordination on international migration."[110]
"The international community must work together to provide solutions for
refugees and support host countries."[111]
Brasilia
Declaration on Road Safety (2021): "We emphasise the importance of international
cooperation in achieving the road safety goals and targets."[112]
G7 Summit
Communiqués (2021). "We are committed to creating a fair and
inclusive digital economy for the benefit of all."
Future
Generations Declaration (2022): "We
are the stewards of a future we will not see."
These references showcase a
commitment to the idea that humanity is interconnected, and that global
challenges necessitate collective efforts and shared responsibility. They
reflect the spirit of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and the notion of a One-World
Family. As demonstrated in numerous declarations and manifestos, the
international community exhibits a unified dedication to interconnectedness,
cooperation, Oneness, Unity, One Human Family, and a collective responsibility
to address pressing global issues. These documents, covering topics ranging
from human rights to environmental sustainability, epitomise a shared vision
for a more just, equitable, and sustainable world.
Although the explicit term
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" may not be directly stated, these references
resonate with a shared commitment to the well-being of all individuals,
promoting global cooperation, and working towards a sustainable and equitable
world. This sentiment aligns harmoniously with the notion of a One-World
Family. In various global declarations, the principles of oneness, unity, and
collective responsibility for the welfare of humanity are implicitly interwoven
into the language and objectives. This collective ethos transcends boundaries
and underscores the interconnected fate of humankind, highlighting the
necessity for collaborative efforts in creating a better and more inclusive
world.
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